Reference List

Low Back And Core

See this link for an synopsis of current literature on Low Back Surgery comparing open to minimally invasive surgery.

Adams MA, Dolan P, Hutton WC. Diurnal variations in the stresses on the lumbar spine. Spine 1987;12(2);130.

Adams P, Muir H. Qualitative changes with age of proteoglycans of human lumbar discs. Ann Rheum Dis 1976;35:289.

Adamovich SV, Berkinblit MB, Fookson O, Poizner H. Pointing in 3D space to remembered targets. II. Effects of movement speed toward kinesthetically defined targets. Neurophysiol. 2000 Jan;83(1):1-12. Exp Brain Res. 1999 Mar;125(2):200-10.

Ainscough-Potts AM, Morrissey MC, Critchley D. The response of the transverse abdominis and internal oblique muscles to different postures. Man Ther. 2005 Jul 8; [Epub ahead of print]

Arakoski JPA, Kankaanpaa M, Valta T, et.al. Back and hip extensor muscle function during therapeutic exercise. Arch Phys Med Rehab, 1999, vol 80, 842-850.

Astrand PO, Rodahy K, Dahl HA, Stromme SB. Textbook of Work Physiology. Champaign, IL; Human Kinetics, 2003

Axler CT, McGill SM. Low back loads over a variety of abdominal exercises: searching for the safest abdominal challenge. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1987;29:804-810.

Behm DG, Leonard AM, Young WB, WAC Bonsey C, MacKinnon SN. Trunk muscle electromyographic activity with unstable and unilateral exercises. J Str &Cond Res, 2005, 19(1), 193-210.

Blouin JS, Descarreaux M, Belanger-Gravel A, Simoneau M, Teasdale N. Self-initiating a seated perturbation modifies the neck postural responses in humans. Neurosci Lett. 2003 Aug 14;347(1):1-4.

Cafarelli E. Peripheral contributions to the perception of effort. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1982;14(5):382-9.

Cholewicki J, Panjabi MM, Khachatryan A. Stabilizing function of the trunk flexor-extensor muscles around a neutral spine posture. Spine 1997;19:2207-2212.

Clemente CD. Anatomy A Regional Atlas of the Human Body. Urban and Schwarzenberg, 1987

Cowan SM, Bennell KL, Hodges PW, Crossley KM, Simultaneous feedforward recruitment of the vasti in untrained postural tasks can be restored by physical therapy. McConnell J. J Orthop Res. 2003 May;21(3):553-8.

Davidson PR, Jones RD, Andreae JH, Sirisena HR. Simulating closed- and open-loop voluntary movement: a nonlinear control-systems approach.  IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2002 Nov;49(11):1242-52.

Entrez-PubMed: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez

Falla D, Jull G, Hodges. Feedforward activity of the cervical flexor muscles during voluntary arm movements is delayed in chronic neck pain. PW.Exp Brain Res. 2004 Jul;157(1):43-8. Epub 2004 Feb 5. 

Hides JA, Richardson CA, Jull GA. Multifidus muscle recovery is not automatic after resolution of acute, first-episode low back pain. Spine 1996, 21(23), 2763-2769.

Hodges P, Cresswell A, Thorstensson A. Preparatory trunk motion accompanies rapid upper limb movement. Exp Brain Res. 1999 Jan;124(1):69-79.

Hodges PW, Moseley GL, Gabrielsson A, Gandevia SC. Experimental muscle pain changes feedforward postural responses of the trunk muscles. Exp Brain Res. 2003 Jul;151(2):262-71. Epub 2003 Jun 3. 

Hodges PW, Richardson CA. Contraciton of the abdominal muscles associated with movement of the lower limb. Physical Therapy, 1997, 77(2), 132-144.

Hodges PW, Richardson CA. Feedforward contraction of transversus abdominis is not influenced by the direction of arm movement. Exp Brain Res. 1997 Apr;114(2):362-70.

Hodges PW, Richardson CA. Inefficient muscular stabilization of the lumbar spine associated with low back pain. Spine,1996, 21(22), 2640-2650.

Hodges PW. Changes in motor planning of feedforward postural responses of the trunk muscles in low back pain. Exp Brain Res. 2001 Nov;141(2):261-6.

Hollenshead WH, Rosse C. Textbook of Anatomy, 4th Ed. Harper and Row, Philadelphia, 1985

J Cisek P, Grossberg S, Bullock D. A cortico-spinal model of reaching and proprioception under multiple task constraints. Cogn Neurosci. 1998 Jul;10(4):425-44.

Jeffreys I. A multidimensional approach to enhancing rrecovery. St Cond J 2005 27 (5). 78-85.

Leimohn WP, Baumgartner TA, Gagnon LH. Measruing core stability. J Str &Cond Res, 2005, 19(3), 583-586.

Lephart SM, Pincivero DM, Giraldo JL, Fu FH. The role of proprioception in the management and rehbilitation of athletic injuries. Am J of Sp Med, 1997, 25 (1) 130-137.

Lewit K. Manipulative Therapy in Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, 3rd ed. Butterworth Heinemann, 2000.

Liebenson C. Rehabilitation of the Spine, A Practitioner’s Manual. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1996.

Liebenson CS. The safe back workout. JNMS 1999;7(1). 

Lum PS, Reinkensmeyer DJ, Lehman SL, Li PY, Stark LW. Feedforward stabilization in a bimanual unloading task. Exp Brain Res. 1992;89(1):172-80.

McGill S. Low Back Disorders – Evidence-Based Prevention and Rehabilitation. Human Kinetics, 2002.

McGill S. Low back exercises: Evidence for improving exercise regimens. Physical Therapy 1998 78(7), 754-765.

McGill SM, Norman RW. Low back biomechanics in industry: the prevention of injury through safer lifting. In: Grabiner M (ed.) Current Issues in Biomechanics. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1993.

McGill S. The mechanics of torso flexion: sit-ups and standing dynamic flexion maneuvers. Clin Biomech 1995;10:184-192

McGill SM. Low back exercises: prescription for the healthy back and when recovering from injury. In: Resources Manual for Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, 3rd ed. Indianapolis, IN: American College of Sports Medicine; Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, 1998

Mori A. Electromyographic activity of selected trunk muscles during stabilization exercises using a gym ball. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol. 2004 Jan-Feb;44(1):57-64.

O'Sullivan P, Twomey L, Allison G. Evaluation of specific stabilizing exercise in the treatment of chronic low back pain with radiologic diagnosis of spondylolysis or spondylolysthesis. Spine 1997;24:2959-2967.

Pansky B. Review of Gross Anatomy. Macmillan Publishing Co., 1984

Paulignan Y, Dufosse M, Hugon M, Massion J. Acquisition of co-ordination between posture and movement in a bimanual task.  Exp Brain Res. 1989;77(2):337-48.

Preuss RA, Grenier SG, McGill SM. Postural control of the lumbar spine in unstable sitting.Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005 Dec;86(12):2309-15.

Reilly T, Tynell A, Troup JDG. Circadian variation in the human stature. Chronobiology It 1984;1:121.

Scheidt RA, Rymer WZ J Control strategies for the transition from multijoint to single-joint arm movements studied using a simple mechanical constraint.

Simao R, Farinatti P, Poplito MD, Jaior AS, Fleck SJ. Influence of exercise order on the number of repetitions performed and perceived exertion during resistance exercises. J Str &Cond Res, 2005, 19(1), 152-156.

Sjolander P, Johansson H, Djupsjobacka M. Spinal and supraspinal effects of activity in ligament afferents. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2002 Jun;12(3):167-76.

Sternlight E, Rugg SG, Bernstein MD, Armstrong SD. Electromyographical analysis and comparison of selected abdominal training devices with a traditional crunch. J Str &Cond Res, 2005, 19(1), 157-162

Stroeve S. Neuromuscular control model of the arm including feedback and feedforward components. Acta Psychol (Amst). 1998 Nov;100(1-2):117-31.     Related Articles, Links

Taimela S, Kankaanpaa M, Louto S. The effect of lumbar fatigue on the ability to sense a change in lumbar position. Spine 1999, 24(13). 1322-1327.

Thoroughman KA, Shadmehr R. Electromyographic correlates of learning an internal model of reaching movements. J Neurosci. 1999 Oct 1;19(19):8573-88. 

Timm KE. A randomized control study of active and passive treatments for chronic low back pain following L5 laminectomy. JOSPT 1994;20:276-286.

Tse MA, McManus AM, Masters RSW. Development and validation of a core endurance intervention program: Implications for performance in college-age rowers. J Str &Cond Res, 2005, 19(3), 547-552.

van der Fits IB, Klip AW, van Eykern LA, Hadders-Algra M. Postural adjustments accompanying fast pointing movements in standing, sitting and lying adults. Exp Brain Res. 1998 May;120(2):202-16.

Willardson JM, Burkett LN. A comparison of 3 different rest intervals on the exercise volume completed during a workout. J Str &Cond Res, 2005, 19(1), 23-26.

Shoulder And Neck

Adler S, beckers D, Buck M. PNF In Practice, Second ed. Springer, 2003.              

Bahr R, Craig EV, Engebretsen L. The clinical presentation of shoulder instability including on field management.  Ortho clin of Nor Am:14(4) 1995. 761-776

Ben Kibler W, Sciascia A. Kinetic chain contributions to elbow function and dysfunction in sports. Clin Sports Med. 2004 Oct;23(4):545-52

Blevins FT. Rotator cuff pathology in athletes. Sports Med:24(3) 1997. 205-220

Breazeale NM, Craig EV. Partial-thickness rotator cuff tears. Ortho clin of Nor Am:28(2) 1997, 145-155

Clemente CD. Anatomy A Regional Atlas of the Human Body, 3rd Edition. Urban and Schwarzenberg, 1987

Decker MJ, Hintermeister RA, Faber KJ, Hawkins RJ. Serratus anterior muscle activity during selected rehabilitation exercises. Am J Sports Med. 1999 Nov-Dec;27(6):784-91.

Ekstrom RA, Donatelli RA, Soderberg GL. Surface electromyographic analysis of exercises for the trapezius and serratus anterior muscles. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003 May;33(5):247-58.

Ekstrom RA, Soderberg GL, Donatelli RA. Normalization procedures using maximum voluntary isometric contractions for the serratus anterior and trapezius muscles during surface EMG analysis. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2005 Aug;15(4):418-28. Epub 2004 Dec 25.

Fleisig GS, Barrentine SW, Escamilla RF, Andrews JR. Biomechanics of Overhand Throwing with Implications for Injuries. Sports Med, 1996 Jun (6): 421-437

Freeman M, Dean M, Hanham I. The etiology and prevention of functional instability of the foot. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1965, 47:678-685

Hodges P, Cresswell A, Thorstensson A. Preparatory trunk motion accompanies rapid upper limb movement. Exp Brain Res. 1999 Jan;124(1):69-79. 

 Hodges PW, Richardson CA. Contraciton of the abdominal muscles associated with movement of the lower limb. Physical Therapy, 1997, 77(2), 132-144.

Janwantanakul P, Jones MA, Magarey ME, Miles TS. Characteristics of shoulder-position sense: effects of mode of movement, scapular support, and arm orientation. J Sport Rehabil: 2002;11,157-168.

Kao JT, Pink M, Jobe FW, Perry J. Electromyographic analysis of the scapular muscles during a golf swing. Am J Sports Med. 1995 Jan-Feb;23(1):19-23.

Kennedy JC, Alexander IJ, Hayes KC. Nerve supply of the human knee and its functional importance. Am J Sports Med. 1982,10:329-335

Larique J, Staubach A. Lecture notes, “OMT & PNF for the Upper Extremities.” December 12, 2003.

Lephart SM Pincivero DM, Giraldo JL, Fu FH. The role of proprioception in the management and rehabilitation of athletic injuries. Am j of Sports Med. 25 (1) 1997. 130-137

Lephart SM, Riemann BL, Fu FH. Introduction to the sensorimotor system. In: Lephart SM, Fu FH, eds. Proprioception and Neuromuscular Control in Joint Stability. Champain, Ill: Human Kinetics, 2000

Lewit K. Manipulative Therapy in Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, 3rd ed. Butterworth Heinemann, 1999.

Liebenson C. Rehabilitation of the Spine, A Practitioner’s Manual. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1996.

Ludewig PM, Cook TM. Alterations in shoulder kinematics and associated muscle activity in people with symptoms of shoulder impingement. Phys Ther. 2000 Mar;80(3):276-91

Ludewig PM, Hoff MS, Osowski EE, Meschke SA, Rundquist PJ. Relative balance of serratus anterior and upper trapezius muscle activity during push-up exercises. Am J Sports Med. 2004 Mar;32(2):484-93.

McGill S. Low Back Disorders – Evidence-Based Prevention and Rehabilitation.

McGill S. Ultimate Back Fitness and Performance. Human Kinetics, 2002.

McMahon PJ, Jobe FW, Pink MM, Brault JR, Perry J. Comparative electromyographic analysis of shoulder muscles during planar motions: anterior glenohumeral instability versus normal. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1996 Mar-Apr;5(2 Pt 1):118-23.

McQuade KJ, Dawson J, Smidt GL. Scapulothoracic muscle fatigue associated with alterations in scapulohumeral rhythm kinematics during maximum resistive shoulder elevation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1998 Aug;28(2):74-80.

Meyers JB, Ju Y, Hwang J, et al. Reflexive muscle activation alterations in shoulders with anterior glenohumeral instability. Am J of Sp Med: 32 (4) 2004 1013-1021

Palmerud G, Sporrong H, Herberts P, Kadefors R. Consequences of trapezius relaxation on the distribution of shoulder muscle forces: an electromyographic study. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 1998 Jun;8(3):185-93.

Pansky B. Review of Gross Anatomy. Macmillan Publishing Co., 1984

Pink M, Jobe FW, Perry J, Kerrigan J, Browne A, Scovazzo ML. The normal shoulder during the butterfly swim stroke. An electromyographic and cinematographic analysis of twelve muscles. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1993 Mar;(288):48-59.

Ruwe PA, Pink M, Jobe FW, Perry J, Scovazzo ML. The normal and the painful shoulders during the breaststroke. Electromyographic and cinematographic analysis of twelve muscles. Am J Sports Med. 1994 Nov-Dec;22(6):789-96.

Ryu RK, McCormick J, Jobe FW, Moynes DR, Antonelli DJ. An electromyographic analysis of shoulder function in tennis players. Am J Sports Med. 1988 Sep-Oct;16(5):481-5.

Shaffer B, Jobe FW, Pink M, Perry J. Baseball batting. An electromyographic study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1993 Jul;(292):285-93.

Sharkey NA, Marder RA: The rotator cuff opposes superior tanslation of the humeral head. Am  Sports Med 23:100-105, 1995

Soslowsky LJ, Carpenter JE, Bucchieri JS, Flatow EL. Biomechanics of the rotator cuff.  Ortho clin of Nor Am: 28 (1) 1997, 17-30

Speer KP. Anatomy and pathomechanics of shoulder instability. Clin of Sports Med. 14(4)  1995. 751-760

Swanik KA, Swanik CB, Lehpart SM, Huxel K. The effect of functional training on the incidence of shoulder pain and strength in intercollegiate swimmers. J Sprt Rehabil. 2002;11:140-154. 2002

Thompson WO, Debski RE, Boardman ND III, et al: A biomechanical analysis of rotator cuff deficiency in a cadaveric model. Am J Sports Med 24:286-292,1996

Ticker JB, Fealy S, Fu FH. Instability and impingement in the athlete’s shoulder. Sports Med 19(6), 1995. 418-426

Wadsworth DJ, Bullock-Saxton JE. Recruitment patterns of the scapular rotator muscles in freestyle swimmers with subacromial impingement. Int J Sports Med. 1997 Nov;18(8):618-24.

Wirth MA, Basamania C, Rockwood CA. Nonoperative management of full-thickness tears of the rotator cuff. Orth Clin of No Am, 28 (1) 1997, 59-67

Wuelker N, Plitz W, Roetman B: Biomechanical data concerning the impingement syndrome. Clin Ortop 303:242-249, 1994

Wuelker N, Roetman B, Roessig S: Coracoacromial pressure recordings in a  cadaveric model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 4:462-467, 1995

Posture

Liebenson C. Rehabilitation of the Spine, A Practitioner’s Manual. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1996.

McGill S. Ultimate Back Fitness and Performance. Human Kinetics, 2002.

McGill S. Low Back Disorders – Evidence-Based Prevention and Rehabilitation.

Lewit K. Manipulative Therapy in Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, 3rd ed. Butterworth Heinemann, 2000.

Women In Sports

Arendt E, Dick R. Knee injury patterns among men and women in collegiate basketball and soccer: NCAA data and review of literature. Am J Sports Med. 1995;23:694-701.

Arms SW, Pope MH, Johnson RJ, et al. The biomechanics of anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation and reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 1984;12:8-18.

Bellchamber TL, van den Bogert AJ. Contributions of proximal and distal moments to axial tibial rotation during walking and running. J Biomech. 2000;33:56570.

Bendjaballah MZ, Shirazi-Adl A, Zukor DJ. Finite element analysis of human knee joint in varus-valgus. Clin Biomech. 1997;12:139-148.

Berns GS, Hull ML, Paterson HA. Strain in the anteriormedial bundle of the anterior cruciate ligament under combined loading. J Orthop Res. 1992;10:167-176.

Beynnon BD, Flemming BC, Hownson RJ, et al. Anterior cruciate ligament strain behavior during rehabilitation exercises in vivo. Am J Sports Med. 1995;23:24-34.

Bhehler-Yund C, A longitudinal study of injury rates and risk factors in 5 to 12 year old soccer players. In: Environmental Health, Cincinnati, Ohio: University of Cincinnati; 199;161.

Boden BP, Dean GS, Faegin JA, Garrett WE Jr. Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Orthopedics. 2000;23:573-578.

Chappell JD, Creighton RA, Builiani C, Yu G, Garrett WE. Kinematic and electromyography of landing preparation in vertical stop-jump: risks for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35(2):235-241.

Chappell JD, Yu B, Kirkendall DT, Garrett WE. A comparison of knee kinetics between male and female recreational athletes in stop-jump tasks. Am J Sports Med. 2002;30:261-267.

Delfico AJ, Garrett WE. Mechanisms of injury of the anterior cruciate ligament in soccer players. Clin Sports Med. 1998;17:779-785.

Draganich LF, Vahey JW. An in vitro study of anterior cruciate ligament strain induced by quadriceps and hamstrings forces. J Orthop res. 1990;8(1);41-45.

Flemming BC. Biomechanics of the anterior cruciate ligament. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003;33:A13-A15.

Ford KR, Myer GD, Toms HE, Hewett TE. Gender differences in the kinematics of unanticipated cutting in young athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005;37:124-129.

Fuller CW, Dick RW, Corlette J, Schmalz R. Comparison of the incidence, nature and cause of injuries sustained on grass and new generation artificial turf by male and female football players. Part 1: match injuries. Br J Sports Med 2007;41(Suppl);i20-i26.

Fuller CW, Dick RW, Corlette J, Schmalz R. Comparison of the incidence, nature and cause of injuries sustained on grass and new generation artificial turf by male and female football players. Part 2: training injuries. Br J Sports Med 2007;41(Suppl);i27-i32.

Garrick JG, Requa RK. Football cleat design and its effect on anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Am J Sports Med. 1996;24:705-706.

Griffin LY, Agel J, Albohm MJ, et al. Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: risk factors and prevention strategies. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 200;8:141-150.

Harmon KG, Dick R. The relationship of skill level to anterior cruciate ligament injury. Clin J Sport Med. 1998;8:260-265.

Haycock CE, Gillette JV. Susceptibility of women athletes to injury: myth vs. reality. JAMA. 1976;236:163-165.

Hewett TE, Ford KR, Myer GD. Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes. Part 2, meta-analysis of neuromuscular interventions aimed at injury prevention. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34(3):490-498.

Hewett TE, Myer GD, Ford KR, et al. Biomechanical measures of neuromuscular control and valgus loading of the knee predict anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female athletes: a prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33:492-501.

Hewett TE, Myer GD, Ford KR. Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34,2:299-311.

Hewett TE, Myer GD, Ford KR. Decrease in neuromuscular control about the knee with maturation in female athletes. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;86:1601-1608.

Hewett TE, Paterno MV, Noyes FR. Differences in single leg balance on an unstable platform between female and male normal, ACL deficient and ACL-reconstructed knees. In: Lephardt S, Fu FH, eds. Proprioception And Neuromuscular Control In Joint Stability. Champaign, Ill: Human Kinetics; 1999:77-88.

Hewett TE, Stroupe AL, Nance TA, Noyes FR. Plyometric training in female athletes: decreased impact forces and increased hamstring torques. Am J Sports Med. 1996;24:765-773.

Hewett TE. Neuromuscular and hormonal factors associated with knee injuries in female athletes: strategies for intervention. Sports Med. 2000;29:313-327.

Huston JL, Wojtys EM. Neuromuscular performance characteristics in elite female athletes. Am J Sports Med. 1996;24:427-436.

Imran A, O’Connor JJ. Theoretical estimates of cruciate ligament forces: effects of tibial surface geometry and ligament orientations. Proc Inst Mech Eng [H]. 1997;211:425-439.

Inklaar H. Soccer injuries. Incidence and severity. Sports Med 1994;18:55-73.

Kakavelakis K, Vlazakis S, Vlazakis I, et al. Soccer injuries in childhood. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2003;13:175-178.

Karageanes SJ, Blackburn K, Vangelos ZA. The association of the menstrual cycle with the laxity of the anterior cruciate ligament in adolescent female athletes. Clin J Sport Med. 2000;10:162-168.

Kucera KL, Marshall SW et al. Injury history as a risk factor for incident injury in youth soccer. Br J Sports Med 2005;39:462-466.

Li G, Rudy W, Sokane M, et al. The importance of quadriceps and hamstring muscle loading on knee kinematics and in-situ forces in ACL. J Biomech. 1999;32:395-400.

Li G, Zayantz S, Most e, et al. In situ forces of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments in high knee flexion: an in vitro investigation. J Orthop Res. 2004;22:293-297.

Loudon JK, Jenkins W, Loundon KL. The relationship between static posture and ACL injury in female athletes. J Orthop Sports Phy6s Ther. 1996;24:91-97.

Malinzak RA, Colby SM, Kirkendall DT, Yu B. Garrett WE. A comparison of knee joint motions patterns between men and women in selected athletic maneuvers. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2001;16:438-445.

Malone TR, Hardaker WT, Garrett WE, et al. Relationship of gender to anterior cruciate ligament injuries in intercollegiate basketball players. J south Orthop Assoc. 1993. 2001; 16:438-445.

Mandelbaum BR, Silvers HJ, Watanabe DS, et al. Effectiveness of a neuromuscular and proprioceptive training program in preventing the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes: 2-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med. 2005-33:1003-1010.

Markoff KL, Burchfield DC, Shapiro MM, et al. Combined knee loading states that generate high anterior cruciate ligament forces. J Orthop Res. 1995;13:930-935.

Markoff KL, Graff-Redford A, Amstutz HC. In vivo knee stability: a quantitative assessment using an instrumented clinical testing apparatus. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1978;60:664-674.

Massocca AD, Nissen CW Geary M, et al. Valgus medial collateral ligament rupture causes concomitant loading and damage of the anterior cruciate ligament. J Knee Surg. 2003;16:148-151.

Matsumoto H, Suda Y, Otani T, et al. Roles of the anterior cruciate ligament and medial collateral ligament in preventing valgus instability. J Orthop Sci. 2110;6:28-32.

McClean SG, Liphert SW, van den Bogert AJ. Effects of gender and defensive opponent on the biomechanics of sidestep cutting. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36;1008-1016.

McLean SGHX, Su A, Van Den Bogert AJ. Sagittal plane biomechanics cannot injure the ACL during sidestep cutting. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2004;19:828-838.

Muneta T, Takakuda K, Yamamoto H. Intercondylar notch width and its relationship to the configuration and cross-sectional area of the anterior cruciate ligament: a cadaveric knee study. Am J Sports Med. 1997;25:69-72.

Myer GD,  Ford KR, McLean SG, Hewett TE. The effects of plyometric versus dynamic stabilization and balance training on lower extremity biomechanics. Am J Sp Med. 2006;34,3:445-455.

Myer GD, Ford KR, Hewett TE. The effects of gender on quadriceps muscle activation strategies during a maneuver that mimics a high ACL injury risk position. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2005;15:181-189.

Myer GD, Ford KR, McLean SG, Hewett TE. The effects of plyometric versus dynamic stabilization and balance training on lower extremity biomechanics. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34(3):445-455

Myer GD, Ford KR, Palumbo JP, et al. Neuromuscular training improves performance and lower-extremity biomechanics in female athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2005;19-51-60.

Myklebust G, Engebretsen L, Braekken IH, Skjolberg A, Olsen OE, Bahr R. Prevention of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female team handball players: a prospective intervention study over three seasons. Clin J Sport Med. 2003;13:71-78.

Myklebust G, Maehlum S, Holm I, Bahr R. A prospective cohort study of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in elite Norwegian team handball. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1998;8:149-153.

Nielsen A, Yde J. Epidemiology and traumatoloty of injuries in soccer. Am J Sports Med 1989;17:80-807.

Nilsson S, Roaas A. Soccer injuries in adolescents. Am J Sports Med 1978;6:35803612.

Nyland JA, Caborn DN, Shaprior R, Johnson DL, Fatigue after eccentric quadriceps femoris work produces earlier gastrocnemius and delayed quadriceps femoris activation during crossover cutting among normal athletic women. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 1997;5:162-167.

Powell JW, Schootman J. A multivariate risk analysis of selected playing surfaces in the National Football League: 1980-1989. An epidemiologic study of knee injuries. Am J Sports Med. 1992;20:686-694.

Rizzo M, Holler SB, Bassett FH. Comparison of males’ and females’ rations of anterior cruciate ligament width to femoral intercondylar notch width. A cadaveric study. Am j Orthop. 2001;30:660-664.

Rizzo SL, Lephart SM, Gear WS, Fu FH. Knee joint laxity and neuromuscular characteristics of male and female soccer and basketball players. Am J Sports Med. 1999;27:312-319.

Rossi SL, Lephart SM, Gear WS, Fu FH. Knee joint laxity and neuromuscular characteristics of male and female soccer and basketball players. Am J Sports Med. 1999;27:312-319.

Ruiz AL, Kelly M, Nutton RW. Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction: a 5-9 year follow-up. Knee. 2002;9:197-200.

Schmidt-Olsen S, Bunemann LKG, Lade V, et al. Soccer injuries of youth. Br J Sports Med 1985;19:161-164.

Shelbourne KD, Davis TJ, Klootwyk TE. The relationship between intercondylar notch width of the femur and the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament tears: a prospective study. AM J Sports Med. 1998;26:402-408.

Shellbourne K, Davis TJ, Klootwyk TE. The relationship between intercondylar notch width of the femur and the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament tears: a prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 1998;26:402-498.

Silvers HJ, Mandelbaum BR. Prevention of anterior cruciate ligament injury in the female athlete.  Br J Sports Med 2007;41(Suppl I):i52-i59.

Solomonow M, Baratta R, Zhou BH, et al. The synergistic action of the anterior cruciate ligament and thigh muscles in maintaining joint stability. Am J Sports Med. 1987;15:207-213.

Spinks AB, McClure RJ. Quantifying the risk of sports injury: a systematic review of activity-specific rates for children under 16 years of age. Br J Sports Med 1007; 41: 548-557.

Steffen K, Andersen TE, Bahr R. Risk of injury on artificial turf and natural grass in young female football players. Br J Sports Med 2007;41(Suppl I):i33-i37.

Tropp H, Ekstrand J, Gilquist J. Stabilometry in functional instability of the ankle and its value in predicting injury. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1984;16:64-66.

Uhorchak JM, Scoville CR, Williams GN, Arciero RA, et al. Risk factors associated with noncontact injury of the anterior cruciate ligament: a prospective four-year evaluation of 859 West Point cadets. Am J Sports Med. 2003;31:831-842.

Wojtys EM, Huston LJ, Lindenfeld TN, Hewett TE, Greenfield ML. Association between the menstrual cycle and anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes. Am J Sports Med. 1998;26:614-619.

Yu B, Garrett WE. Mechanisms of non-contact ACL injuries. Br J Sports Med 2007;41(Suppl I):i47-i51.

Yu B, Kirkendall DT, Taft TN, Garrett WE Jr. Lower extremity motor control-related and other risk factors for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Instr Course Lect. 2002;51:315-324.

Yu B, McClure SB, Onate JA, et al. Age and gender effects on lower extremity kinematics of youth soccer players in a stop-jump task. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33:1356-1364.

Zazulak BT, Ponce PL, Straub SJ, Medvecky MJ, Avedisian L, Hewett TE. Gender comparison of hip muscle activity during single=leg landing. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2005;35:392-399.

 

Golf

Adlington GS. Proper swing technique and biomechanics of golf.  Clin Sports Med 1996; 15 (1): 9-26

Bulbulian R, Ball KA, Seaman DR. The short golf backswing: Effects on performance and spinal health implications. J Manip Phys Ther 2001; 24 (9): 569-575

Burdorf A, van Der Steenhoven GA, Tromp-Klaren E. A one-year prospective study on back pain among novice golfers. Am J of Sports Med 1996; 25 (5): 659

Fradkin AJ, Finch CF, Sherman CA. Warm up practices of golfers: are they adequate? Br J Sports Med 2001; 35: 125-127

Fradkin AJ, Sherman CA, Finch CF. How well does  club head speed correlate with golf handicaps? J Sci Med Sport. 2004 Dec; 7 (4): 465-472

Fradkin AJ, Sherman CA, Finch CF. Improving golf performance with a warm up conditioning programme. Br J Sports Med 2004; 38: 762-765

Gatt CJ, Pavol MJ, Parker Rd, et al. Three-Dimensional knee joint kinetics during a golf swing. Am J of Sports Med 1998; 26 (2): 285

Gosheger F, Liem D, Ludwig K, et al. Injuries and overuse syndromes in golf. Am J of Sports Med 2003; 31 (3): 438

Grimshaw P, Giles A, Tong R, et al. Lower back and elbow injuries in golf. Sports Med 2002; 32 (10): 655-666

Hides JA, Richardson CA, Jull  GA. Multifidus muscle recovery is not automatic after resolution of acute, first-episode low back pain. Spine 1996; 21(23) 2763-2769

Hodges PW,  Changes in motor planning of feedforward postural responses of the trunk muscles in low back pain. Exp Brain Res 2001 Nov; 141(2): 261-6

Hodges PW, Richardson CA. Inefficient muscular stabilization of the lumbar spine associated with low back pain. Spine 1996; 21 (22) 2640-2650

Hosea TM, Gatt CJ. Back pain in golf. Clin Sports Med 1996; 15 (1): 37

Hume PA, Keogh J, Reid D. The role of biomechanics in maximising distance and accuracy of golf shots. Sports Med 2005; 35 (5); 429-449

Jobe FW, Moynes Schwab D. Golf for the mature athlete. Clin Sports Med 1991; 10(2): 269-282

Jobe FW, Perry J, Pink M. Electromyographic shoulder activity in men and women professional golfers. Am J of Sports Med 1989; 17 (6): 782

Kao JT, Pink M, Jobe FW, Perry J. Electromyography analysis of the scapular muscles during a golf swing. Am J of Sports Med 1995; 23 (1): 19

Kibler WB, Sciascia A. Kinetic chain contributions to elbow function and dysfunction in sports. Clin Sports Med 2004; 23: 545-552

Kim DH, Millett PJ, Warner JJP. Shoulder injuries in golf. Am J of Sports Med 2004; 32 (5): 1324

Kohn HS. Prevention and treatment of elbow injuries in golf. Cln Sports Med 1996 January; 15 (1): 65

Lindsay DM, Horton JF, Vandervoot AA. A review of injury characteristics, aging factors and prevention programs for the older Golfer. Sports Med 2000 Aug; 30 (2): 89-103

Lindsay DM, Horton JF. Comaprison of spine motion in elite golfers with and without low bck pain. J Sport Sci 2002; 20: 599-605

Ludewig PM, Cook TM. Alterations in shoulder kinematics and associated muscle activity in people with symptoms of shoulder impingement. Phys Ther. 2000 Mar;80(3):276-91

McGill S. Ultimate Back Fitness and Performance. Wabuno Publishers, Waterloo, Canada, 2004

Murray PM, Cooney WP. Golf-induced injuries of the wrist. Clin Sports Med 1996; 15 (1): 85

Nesbit SM, Serrano M. Work and power analysis of the golf swing. J. Spts Sci & Med 2005; 4: 520-533

Nesbit SM. A three dimensional kenematic and kinetic study of the golf swing. J. Spts Sci & Med 2005; 4: 499-519

Parziale JR. Healthy seing: A golf rehabilitation model. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2002; 81:498-501

Pink M, Jobe FW, Perry J. Electromyographic analysis of the shoulder during the golf swing. A J of Sports Med 1990; 18 (2): 137

Pink MM, Jobe FW, Yocum LA, et al. Preventative exercises in golf. Clin Sports Med  1996; 15 (1): 147

Ruwe PA, Pink M, Jobe FW, Perry J, Scovazzo ML. The normal and the painful shoulders during the breaststroke. Electromyographic and cinematographic analysis of twelve muscles. Am J Sports Med. 1994 Nov-Dec;22(6):789-96.

Stover C, Stoltz J. Golf for the senior player. Clin Sports Med 1996/ 15 (1):0163-178

Theriault G, Lachance P. Golf injuries, an overview. Sports Med 1998 Jul; 26 (1): 43-57

Theriault G, Lacoste E, Gavoury M, et al. Golf injury characteristics: a survey form 528 golfers. Med Sc9i Sports Exerc 1996 May; 28 (5): 565

Vad VB, Bhat AL, Basrai D, et al. Low back pain in professional golfers. The role of associated hip and low back range-of-motion deficits. Am J Sports Med 2004; 32 (2): 494

 

Healing and Repair

Abrahamsson SO. Matrix metabolism and healing in the flexor tendon. Experimental studies on rabbit tendon. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg Suppl 1001;23:1-51.

Burns J, Kempen J, Kahrs J, Plitz W. Achilles tendon rupture: experimental results on spontaneous repair in a sheep-model. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2000; 8:383-397.

Enwemeka CA, Allen C, Avila P, Bina J, Konrade J, Munns S. Soft tissue thermodynamics before, during, and after cold pack therapy. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002 Jan; 34(1):45-50.

Hubbard TJ, Aronson SL, Denegar CR. Does cryotherapy hasten return to participation? A systematic review. Journal of Athletic Training, 2004B;39(1):88-94.

Hubbard TJ, Aronson SL, Denegar CR. Does cryotherapy hasten return to participation? A systematic review. J Ath Training 2004; 39(1):88-94.

Hubbard TJ, Denegar CR. Does cryotherapy improve outcomes with soft tissue injury? Journal of Athletic Training 2004A;38(3):278-279.

Knight KL. Cryotherapy in Sports Injury Management. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 1995:3-98.

Koob TJ, Summer AP. Tendon-bridging the gap. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2002; 133:905-909.

Lowden BJ, Moore RJ. Determinants and nature of intermuscular temperature changes during cold therapy. Am J Phys Med 1975:54;223-233.

Mac Auley DC. Ice therapy: how good is the evidence? Int J Sports Med. 2001 Jul;22(5):379-84.

Merrick MA, Knight KL, Ingersoll DC, Potteiger JA. The effects of ice and compression wraps on intramuscular temperatures at various depths. Journal of Athletic Training 1993;28(3):236-245.

Murphy PG, Loitz BJ, Frank CB, Hart DA. Influence of exogenous growth factors on the synthesis and secretion of collagen types I and III by explants of normal and healing rabbit ligaments. Biochem Cel Biol 1994;72:403-309.

Oakes BW. Tissue healing and repair: tendons and ligaments. In: Frontera WR (Ed) Rehabilitation of Sports Injuries: Scientific Basis. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK; 2003:56-98.

PetejanJH, Watts N. Effects of cooling on the triceps surae reflex. Am J Phys Med 1962:240-251.

Sharma P, Maffulli N. Tiology of tendon injury: healing, modeling and remodeling. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 1006; 6(2): 181-190.

Strickland JW. Flexor tendons: acute injuries. In: Green D, Hotchkiss R, Pedersen W (eds) Greens Operative Hand Surgery, Churchill Livingston, New York, USA; 1999:1851-1897.

Taber C, Contryman K, et. al. Measurement of reactive vasodilation during cold gel pack application to nontraumatized ankles. Physical Therapy: 1992;72(4);54-59.

Tillman LJ, Chasan NP. Properties of dense connective tissue and wound healing. In: Hertling D, Kessler RM (eds) Management of Common Musculoskeletal disorders. Lippencott, Philadelphai, USA; 1996; 8-21.

Uhthoff HK, Sarkar K. Surgical repair of rotator cuff ruptures. The importance of the subacromial bursa. J Bone Joint surg (Br) 1991; 73: 399-401.


Massage

Hendrickson T, Massage and Manual Therapy for Orthopedic Conditions, 2nd, LLW, 2009

Lewit K, Myofascial Pain: relief by post-isometric relaxation, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 65(8): 452-456, 1984

Luchau T, Advanced Myofascial Techniques, Vol 1 & 2, Handspring Pub Ltd, 2015

Majewski-Schrage T, The effectiveness of manual lymphatic drainage in patients with orthopedic injuries, Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, (25)1: 91-97,2016

Makofsky H, Immediate effect of grade IV inferior hip joint mobilization on hip abductor torque: A pilot study, Journal of Manual Manipulative Therapy, 10: 218-224, 2002

Ombregt L, A System of Orthopedic Medicine, 3rd, Churchill Livingstone, 2013

Waslaski J, Clinical Massage Therapy: A Structural Approach to Pain Management, Pearson, 2011

Stoltz, J, “Response of cells and tissues to mechanical stimulation,” Series on Biomechanics, 27(1-2): 17-32, 2012